Česky (CZK)
Deutsch (EUR)What is ESD
ESD stands for Electrostatic Discharge. It is a rapid transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electrical potentials. It can occur when they touch or approach each other.
In everyday life, we recognise it as a brief shock when touching a metal door handle. Sensitive electronics, however, can be damaged by a discharge too small for a person to feel.
How electrostatic discharge occurs
Electrostatic charge is generated, for example, when materials come into contact and separate: during walking, moving on a chair, unpacking components or moving them through production equipment.
A person, a tool or an electronic component itself can become charged. If the accumulated charge suddenly discharges through sensitive electronic structures, it can damage them.
Why ESD poses a risk to electronics
Electrostatic discharge can alter a component’s electrical characteristics or cause it to fail completely. Some damage may not be apparent during initial inspection and can affect the product’s subsequent reliability.
ESD protection is therefore important during the manufacture, assembly, testing, repair and handling of sensitive components and assemblies.
How ESD protection works
ESD protection involves limiting the generation and accumulation of charge, dissipating it in a controlled manner and protecting sensitive products. In practice, this includes personnel grounding, suitable work surfaces, ESD equipment and protective packaging. Ionisation may be necessary for essential insulating materials whose charge cannot be effectively removed through grounding.
The measures are selected according to the working process and the sensitivity of the electronics. Their effectiveness must be supported by correct working procedures, training and regular checks.
How ESD relates to an EPA
An EPA – Electrostatic Protected Area is used when handling sensitive electronics without appropriate protective packaging. Within this area, protective measures are combined into a coordinated system.
For more information, see our article What is an EPA and what is it used for?.
Do you need to assess ESD protection at your facility? Explore our ESD services, measurements, audits and training.
The topic What is ESD is best understood as part of the whole ESD control programme. It is not only a definition or formal requirement; it affects the workplace, people, products and regular checks. The text explains practical connections, points out common weak spots and helps prepare questions for product selection, audits, training or internal process setup. When requirements need to be turned into practice, Stat-X can help assess the specific situation.
